Chutiya Ram Essay Example for Free

Chutiya Ram Essay Tour Dutt was born on March 4, 1856 in Bengal and she died on August 30, 1877, in the prime of her youth, at 21. She is often called the Keats of the Indo-English literature for more than one reason her meteoric rise on and disappearance from the literary firmament, as also for the quality of her poetry. James Darmesteter pays a befitting tribute to her, The daughter of Bengal, so admirable and so strangely gifted, Hindu by race and tradition, and an English woman by education, a French woman at heart, a poet in English, prose writer in French, who at the age of 18 made India acquainted with the poets of French herself, who blended in herself three souls and three traditions, died at the age of 21 in the full bloom of her talent and on the eve of the awakening of her genius, presents in the history of literature a phenomenon without parallel. Literary Achievements Toru Dutt’s literary achievements lay more in her poetic works than in her prose writings. Her poetry is meagre, consisting of A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields and Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan. But she compels attention as KRS Iyengar puts it. Her poetry has sensitive descriptions, lyricism and vigour. Her only work to be published during her lifetime was A Sheaf, an unassuming volume in its overall get-up. The Examiner in its August 1876 issue published the review of her book. Edmund Gosse, the then reviewer expressed his surprise To find Miss Toru Dutt translating, in every case into the measure of the original, no less than 166 poems, some of them no less intricate in form than perplexing in matter. He calls it an amazing feat and a truly brilliant success. A review in the Friend of India says. †¦ the versification is generally good, and the translations, we believe, intelligent and faithful. In selecting poems for translation Toru focused attention on the Romantics of French literature, although she also included Chenier, Courier, Lamartine and a few others of the transition period as well as Brizeux, Moreau, Dupont and Valmore who were not Romantics. In France, the Romantic school was born towards the close of the 18th century and in the beginning of the19th, as in England. They asserted the free-play of imagination, simple and direct diction and freedom from any restrictions. The poems that she translated were probably those which could touch the cord of her imaginations and sentiments patriotism, loneliness, dejection, frustrations, illusions, exile and captivity. One remarkable thing about her translation is that she has been able to capture the spirit of the original. No wonder, then, that Edmund Gosse, in his review says, If modern French literature were entirely lost, it might not be found impossible to reconstruct a great number of poems from its Indian version. Not that she has blindly translated. In fact, she has changed words and phrases of the original and substituted them by more appropriate ones without any hesitation which make her work exact and yet free. The verses maintain the rhythm of the original. Though European by education and training, Toru was essentially an Indian at heart. From her childhood her mother had imbued in her love for the old legends from the Puranas, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. Her readings of the old Sanskrit classics gave her first-hand knowledge of the charming stories. Her woman’s imagination wove myriad coloured picture and she embarked upon her work, Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan, which appeared in 1882, with Introductory notes by Sir Edmund Gosse. Critics have hailed Ancient Ballads as the best work in English. It shows her keen interest in the Indian translations. According to Lotika Basu, a literary critic, Ancient Ballads, for the first time reveals to the West the soul of India through the medium of English poetry. In fact, scholars are profuse in their praise of this work for its finely-knit verses full of vigour and variety. The stories included are of Savitri, Lakshman, Prahlad, Sindhu and others. Toru wrote two novels Bianca and Le Journal de Mademoiselle d’Arvers. The former, an incomplete romance, is in English and the latter in diary form, is the story of Marguerite and is in French. The manuscripts of these works were discovered after her death amid her papers. Both these works have simple plots which sustain the story element, the language is poetic and the characters are clearly drawn. Toru was proud of India’s cultural heritage, her flok-lores, myths and legends, and its rich classical literature. Though English by education, she was an Indian through and through. E. J. Thompson wrote about her, Toru Dutt remains one of the most astonishing woman that ever lived †¦. Fiery and unconquerable of soul. These poems are sufficient to place Toru Dutt in the small class of women who have written English verse that can stand.

Global Warming is False Essay -- Environment Climate Change

A Flawed Opinion Whenever someone thinks of CO2, they think of global warming. They are reminded of Al Gore and his stance on global warming and they automatically think it is true. He has a lot of evidence to back up his theory about how global warming exists and that it is the reason animals are going extinct and also why the climate is changing. Well these facts are wrong and there is evidence to prove it. Global warming is not real and the Earth might even be in a cooling period. There so many reasons to blame people for the epidemic of this false global warming. CO2, a naturally produced gas absorbed by oceans and trees could not be the reason, so what could? Well, nothing can, none of man’s efforts to control the climate will ever succeed against the power of Earth’s natural system of warming and cooling itself. Three great reasons to discredit the theory of global warming are the reason CO2 is not a greenhouse gas, the natural climate change of the earth throughout the ages, and liberal based media’s false facts and propaganda. The great thing about CO2 is that it is not a produced greenhouse gas. John Coleman states plainly in his article to the San Diego Chamber of Commerce about the real story about CO2: â€Å"Here is the deal about CO2, carbon dioxide. It is a natural component of our atmosphere. It has been there since time began. It is absorbed and emitted by oceans. It is used by every living plant to trigger photosynthesis. And we humans, we create it. Every time we breathe out, we emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It is not a pollutant. It is not smog. It is a naturally occurring invisible gas† (3). In this quote he distinguishes the difference between smog and CO2. Smog, a blend of both smoke and fog is... ...problems on fraudulent matters and it is up to the intelligent of the Earth to tell them they are wrong. Works Cited Appenzeller, Tim. â€Å"Signs From Earth.† National Geographic. 4 Feb. 2009. http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0409/feature1/. "Snopes.com: John Coleman on Global Warming." Snopes.com: Urban Legends Reference Pages. 20 June 2008. 4 Feb. 2009. . â€Å"Global Warming: Not So Fast." World Climate Report. 12 Feb. 2009 . Haley, James. Global Warming. New York: Greenhaven P, Incorporated, 2001. Nizza, Mike. â€Å"Failing to Deliver a Jolt on Global Warming.† 21 Apr 2008. 4 Feb. 2009.

Research design and methodology Essay

Despite the fact that the complete genome of the organism was already sequenced, the specific genes coding for the needed enzymes to form pores in the host cell were still unidentified. With this lack of information, this study is formulated and designed. Culturing of B. bacteriovorus HD100 on prey dependent and prey independent set-ups: Predatory (HD) cultures of B. bacteriovorus HD100 will be grown on E. coli in Ca2_-HEPES buffer at 30Â °C, with shaking at 200 rpm (8). Escherichia coli ML35 and E. coli W7-M5 (10) will be used as the prey throughout the experiments. Escherichia coli ML35 will be cultured in nutrient broth (Difco Laboratories), and E. coli W7-M5, a lysine and DAP auxotroph, will be cultured in nutrient broth supplemented with 0. 2 mM lysine and 0. 1 mM DAP at 37Â °C with shaking at 200 rpm. Prey-independent HI strains will be plated on rich peptone-yeast extract (PY) medium (8). Synchronous cultures: Synchronous cultures will be used for performing various experiments as described below. Briefly, fresh bdellovibrios will be added to prey cells in HM buffer (3 mM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N’-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-1 mM CaCl. LQ. One mM of MgCl2 will be adjusted to pH 7. 6 using NaOH (10). The organisms will be grown until a final concentration of 1010 bdellovibrios per ml and 5 x 109 E. coli per ml is reached. For proper aeration, volumes will be kept to ? 20% of the flask’s volume and incubated at 30Â °C with shaking at 400 rpm. Synchronous cultures will be examined at intervals for attachment and penetration with a Nikon model L-Ke microscope (Nippon Kogaku Inc. ) equipped with phase-contrast optics and a Nikon model AF camera. Time course Microarray analysis. Time course Microarray analysis will be performed to identify the genes to be expressed during the entry phase, specifically during pore formation on the host cell membrane of B. bacterovorus H100. Microarray slides of B. bacteriovorus H100 will be ordered from Advanced Throughput, Inc Services. Total cellular RNA will be extracted from B. bacteriovorus H100 cells at entry phase using the RNeasy mid kit (Qiagen). The RNA of the organism will also be extracted during the other stages of infection. This will serve as a reference for comparison of the genes expressed and not expressed at the desired stage. Complementary DNA synthesis, fragmentation, labeling, hybridization, staining and washing will be performed according to the Affymetrix B. bacteriovorus H100 GeneChip array expression analysis protocol (Affymetrix). Briefly, cDNA will be synthesized from RNA using Superscript II (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA will be removed by alkaline treatment and subsequent neutralization. Complementary DNA will be purified with QIAquick PCR purification columns (Qiagen). Purified cDNA will be fragmented by DNase I (Amersham) at 37Â °C for 10 min followed by end labeling with biotinddUTP, using an Enzo BioArray terminal labeling kit (Affymetrix), at 37Â °C for 60 min. Hybridization will be performed in an Affymetrix GeneChip hybridization Oven 640. Washing and staining will be performed using an Affymetrix Fluidics Station 400. Arrays will be scanned with an Agilent GeneArray Scanner G2500A. GeneChip scans will be initially analyzed using the Affymetrix Microarray Suite 5. 1 software, from which PivotData tables will be exported. Raw data from the PivotData Tables will be analyzed in GeneSpring software version 6 (Silicon Genetics), using the parameters suggested by Silicon Genetics for analysis of Affymetrix Microarrays. Real-time PCR: Real-time PCR using the Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-time PCR system will be performed to confirm microarray results. RNA will be extracted from B. bacteriovorus H100 at initial phases of predatory life cycle up to entry phase as described above. RNA will be reverse transcribed into cDNA and simultaneously labelled using the iScript One-step RT-PCR kit with SYBR Green (Biorad). RT-PCR reactions will also be performed to amplify cDNA of housekeeping genes (identified from micro array studies) for normalization of fluorescence values. Identifying the specific hydrolytic enzymes of B. bacteriovorus which are involved in pore formation on host cell membrane. Many experiments showed that B. bacteriovorus H100 releases hydrolytic enzymes during predatory life cycle. According to Thomashow and Ritterberg, glycanases and lipopolysaccharideases are required for pore formation in the prey’s peptidoglycan and LPS layers respectively. The glycanase and/or peptidase could be responsible for weakening the peptidoglycan layer of the prey and thereby responsible for permitting conversion of the substrate cell to a spherical shape (10). Tudor et al. proposed another model for penetration. According to them peptidase is responsible for pore formation but not glycanase (11). Specific enzymes involved in pore formation are not known. The genes identified from the time course micro array technique will be mutated as described previously using suicide vector pSSK10. Resulting mutants will be complemented by using vector pMMB206 (8). Mutants will be analysed for the specific enzymes (using 2D-gel electrophoresis) and their actions on host cell i. e, as a glycanase, LPSase or peptidase will be observed by radio labelling experiments (10). Wild-type B. bacteriovorus H100 and complemented strains will be used as controls. Radio labeling experiments: Escherichia. coli W7-M5, auxotroph for lysine and DAP and cannot metabolize glucosamine, will be radiolabelled as described previously (9,10). Peptide portion of E.coli W7-M5 peptidoglycan will be labelled with [3H] DAP and the lipopolysaccharides and glycan portions of the peptidoglycan will be labeled with [3H]glucosamine. Various mutants and wild-type strains will be tested for predation using this radiolabelled strain. Solubilisation of glucosamine and DAP from labelled prey peptidoglycan will be measured as described previously (11). Briefly, samples taken at intervals will be precipitated with an equal volume of cold 10% trichloroacetic acid for 30 min followed by centrifugation. Resulting supernatants will be assayed for soluble radioactivity in a scintillation counter (Rackbeta II). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: The hydrolytic enzymes released by B. bacteriovorus H100 during its predatory life cycle will be analyzed by performing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Sample preparation for 2D-gel electrophoresis: Escherichia coli ML35 cells will be challenged with B. bacteriovorus H100 wild-type as well as the mutant strain. Culture fluid will be drawn from synchronous cultures during attachment and entry phases of B. bacteriovorus H100. Culture fluid will be centrifuged to discard any cell debris. Proteins in the supernatant will be precipitated using cold acetone. The precipitated proteins will be separated by centrifugation. The precipitated pellet will be air dried and will be dissolved in rehydration solution (8M urea, 2% CHAPS {3-[3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate}, 18 mM DTT, 0. 5% IPG buffer pH range 4-7; Amersham Biosciences), plus a trace of bromophenol blue. Sample protein concentrations will be determined using the BCA protein assay (Pierce). Resulting protein pellet will be subjected to 2D-gel electrophoresis.

Summary Of The Joy Of Reading And Writing By Sherman Alexie

The Key to Prosperity: For A Native American Sherman Alexie the author of the essay The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me was born and raised on a Spokane Indian Reservation. Growing up his family did not have a lot of money, yet today Alexie is known as one of the most prominent Native American writers. Alexie reminisces on his childhood when he first taught himself how to read. In the essay The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me Sherman Alexie suggests, that for Native Americans reading is the key to education and education is the key to prosperity in life. Alexies father was the reason he began to read which later became his passion. His father loved to read, and even though they did not have a ton of†¦show more content†¦They would make him stay quiet in class because most of them did not like to speak during class with their non-Indian teacher. Even though at home they would talk nonstop about anything. These kids did not grow up to have opportuniti es they could have had because they were not given a proper education. The non-Indian teachers did not push the kids to learn and they did not care about their students education. The kids knew that they were expected to fail with their education, and they grew up knowing it was okay to fail because they were Indian. However, Alexie did not accept that. He knew he could pass and that he was smart, so he challenged himself to learn out of the classroom. Reading became the center of his education; he read late into the night, at recess, during lunch, after class, and whenever he could make time to. As a boy he read everything he could find with words on it including all the books his dad had at home, newspapers, library books, cereal boxes, posters, manuals. Even though he loved books he knew reading saved his education and his entire life. His future was opened up to new opportunities because he was educated. Through personal experience I have learned that an education does truly help you succeed in life. Growing up I have had a good education system and been able to push myself to learn. However, I have met some people who have not been as lucky as me. Around eight years ago, I was twelve yearsShow MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pageschange is extremely important.[4][5] Contents [hide] 1 Origin 2 Plot outline 3 Examples 3.1 Precursors 3.2 17th century 3.3 18th century 3.4 19th century 3.5 20th century 3.6 21st century 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 Further reading 9 External links Origin[edit] The term was coined in 1819 by philologist Karl Morgenstern in his university lectures, and later famously reprised by Wilhelm Dilthey, who legitimated it in 1870 and popularized it in 1905.[1] [6] The genre is further

Choosing Financial And Economic Research Methods Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2123 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? One of the major quandaries of researchers is to select the best suitable method for the research as the result and quality of any research depends basically on the type of methodology used in the research. The best suitable methodology depends on many factors like research objectives, aim, resources available for research and many other factors. The previous chapter of this report represented the literature review on new products, its market and the factors affecting adoption of new product, whereas this chapter will represent the relevant research approach used in the project followed by research design and then method used for data collection, sampling and analysis. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Choosing Financial And Economic Research Methods Example For Free" essay for you Create order 3.2 Research Approach: Research approach suggests that methodology is based on the two prime approaches which include deductive theory testing and inductive theory building: 3.2.1 Inductive Approach Inductive application is bottom-up processes where observation considered initially and then pattern is decided for the research, following the pattern tentative hypothesis is created which formulate the theory. This application more focuses on observation and there is some degree of uncertainty in conclusion. According to George (1997), inductive process form a bridge between the researcher and the research objective, further more he stated inductive application mostly used for qualitative analysis. Researcher used inductive application as the primary research based on the focus group interviews and researcher considered this approach as vital for carrying out the research. 3.2.2 Deductive Approach Deductive approach can be defined as when evaluating the research objective the literature is considered as priority to form a basic concept of theory and then formulating this theory, hypothesis is created in order to target the audience further more observation can placed to achieve the results from the hypothesis. According to Balbin, (2005), deductive application more focuses on the reasoning and facts where as Sauder (2008) stated that deductive approach can be termed as top down approach, where conclusion follows the logical facts. According to Oppenheim (1992), Deductive approach is vital for the research while projecting the conclusion but it often depends on the researcher in deciding the approach. Sauder (2008) stated that the advantaging factor in deductive approach is, it consider the logical facts and observation for the analysis rather than theory and materialistic arguments. Researcher has used this method while conducting the questionnaire, researcher build up the theory by consuming the literature review and hypothesis is created on which all questions are based further more observation will be done in analysis chapter to conclude the research. 3.3 Research Design: According to Burns (2006) a research design is a set of advance decisions that makes up the master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing the needed information. According to Malhotra (2006) research design is a framework or blueprint for conducting a market research. It explains the necessary process for obtaining the relevant information. There are three types of research design Exploratory Research, Descriptive Research, Causal Research. (Burns et al, 2006) Descriptive Research: As stated by Malhotra (2006) and Burns (2006). Descriptive research is formulated by particular research question or hypotheses, in it the information required is clearly defined. Descriptive research generally used to answer Questions like who, what, when, where or how. Generally descriptive research is based on large samples; it states the methods to identify sources of information and to collect information from it. Some examples of Descriptive Research are: Market studies describing the size and buying power of the market Sales analysis Product usage studies Market share studies Causal Research: The causal research is used for determining cause and effect relationship (Gilbert 1996). This research requires a planned and structured design and experimentation is the best method of casual research. Casual research is generally suitable for (Malhotra 2006): Understanding variables, i.e. which variables are causes (independent variable) and which ones are effects (dependent variable) of market phenomena. To determine the association between causal variable and effects. Testing hypotheses. Exploratory Research: The exploratory research is generally used to get inner information and understanding of the market (Malhotra 2006). It is the most familiar, unstructured and informal research which is used to get the background information about the research problem. This research method is used when the researcher doesnt have much information about the research problems so researcher formulate hypothesis for the research and collect required background information. (Burns 2006) According to Burns (2006) there are several Methods for collecting exploratory research such as Secondary Data analysis (i.e. examining literature, management journals and market reports), Case analysis, Focus groups and Experience surveys. After the detailed analysis on the literature researcher found that exploratory research is the best suitable method for this research because exploratory research seems suitable for finding factors affecting adoption of new products as exploratory research is used to get inner i nformation and understanding of the market. 3.4 Data Collection Methods: There are two types of Data collection methods primary and secondary data Primary Data Primary data is information/data created by researcher thru various methods to answer specific research questions; its a more customised and focused data which is used only for the problems in hand. This data collection method is time consuming and expensive as compare to secondary data. (Malhotra 2006) For this research researcher obtained primary data by conducting focus groups and survey between adopters and non adopters of new products, to collect both perceptions that why consumer choose to adopt or refuse the product. This data will help in understanding the factors affecting adoption of new products and compare them to literature. Focus Group: Burn (2006) state that Focus group is a qualitative research method in which small group of people are brought together for unstructured and spontaneous discussion moderated by a neutral moderator who makes sure that the discussion is focused on the area of interest. According to Malhotra (2004), the essential element in focus group is to observe the respondents from suitable target market by listening to them and achieve the appropriate results. Focus group is type of an application to evaluate the research question. The key benefits which are attached to focus groups are respondent can easily be observed and analysis can be done effectively. Author explained that the minimum to maximum number of people for the focus group can be 6 to 12 and the respondents which are selected for focus group can be pre screened to understand the mental capacity. (Malhotra et al, 2006) Focus group can be recorded for analysis purpose, which can give a edge in forming a research opinion, fo r this research two focus groups were conducted with seven members in each group who were both adopters and non-adopters of new products with open-ended questions and were conducted in free responsive environment. Survey Research: Survey is the most common method of collecting primary data, it involves interview with a large group of peoples from appropriate target market using a structured questionnaire. In which respondents are asked questions regarding their attitude, behaviour, intension, demographic and lifestyle characteristics. (Malhotra et al, 2006). According to Peter Chisnall 2005, questionnaire always behave as the backbone of any survey and therefore requires a careful planning and execution further more author stated that various tool and applications are being considered to design questionnaire which follows the research objectives. Questionnaire can be highly structured or unstructured. In highly structured questionnaire the questions asked to respondents, responses are completely predetermined on permitted concepts. The unstructured questionnaires are those which responses are loosely predetermined because of responses are by their own words and the way they feel to fit. (Gilbert A. Chu rchill, JR. 1996) According to Malhotra (2006), structured questionnaire posses three qualities, first, it must demonstrate the understanding of the respondents and respondent can easily describe their views on the question, secondly questionnaire must possess the quality to encourage the respondent in responding the questionnaire and finally questionnaire must be designed in way that assures the error freeness. Researcher has used survey method as primary research for data collection, most of the question which researcher used was open-ended question in order to get admirable response from the audience further more researcher specifically considered the prominent market where these questions was gathered. Secondary Data Secondary data is information/ data which were collected previously for specific purpose rather than the current research problem. The for more advantage of collecting this data is quite easy, writers often include this type of data in inexpensive category due to nature of collection methods used. Secondary data can be distinguished into Internal and External secondary data. Internal secondary data is generated within the organisation on which research is being conducted whereas External secondary data is generated by other sources like publication houses and online database. According to Malhotra (2006), before collecting primary data researcher should search and study for relevant secondary data as secondary data can help in sample design and it can provide base for the primary research. For this research secondary data has been collected from various sources such as from library, Metalib, and various other research websites. Much of the data has been collected from libr ary and due to nature of research; wide literature is available on topic. Sampling: According to Peter Chisnall (2005), sampling is one of the major components of any market research, in which a small group of respondents are selected to represent a large group. Sampling enables the researcher to obtain data of high quality and save time, money and labour. 3.5.1 Sampling technique Sampling technique can be classified as Probability sampling and Non-Probability sampling. In probability sampling every element of the population has equal chance of being selected into samples whereas Non-Probability sampling technique is not depend on chances, in it researcher decides which element to include in sample. (Naresh K. Malhotra David F. Birks 2006) For this research Non-Probability sampling technique is used. Non-Probability technique can be classified into Convenience Sampling, Judgemental Sampling, Quota Sampling, and Snowball Sampling. After the detail study of these entire sampling techniques researcher adopt Convenience Sampling technique in which the samples are obtain at the convenience of the researcher. Malhotra (2006) States that convenience sampling technique is the most cost effective and time saving sampling technique and is recommended for exploratory research for generating ideas, insights and hypotheses and can be used for pre-testing questionnair es. 3.5.2 Sample size According to the Sauder (2007), Sample size is the size of result which is going to be selected from the population in order to evaluate the results further more author defined that sampling size depends upon nature of the population and the research questions. Researcher used sampling technique for the effective research analysis below is the table which best describe the how sampling method used by the researcher. For this research sample size of ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦. respondents was achieved in a questionnaire survey whereas in focus group there were two sessions, in session one sample size of ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦. was attained in which there were ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦. males and ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ females and in session two the sample size of ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€ šÃ‚ ¦.. was achieved with ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦. females and ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦. males. All these respondents were adopters of new product which in this research is apple iPhone 4. Questionnaire Sample Plan Total no. of Questionnaire Distributed Rejected no. of Questionnaire Completed no. of Questionnaire Percentage of Response Focus Group Sample plan Focus Group S.No. No. of Participants Date Duration Focus Group 1 Focus Group 2 3.6 Data Analysis: After collecting primary data next stage is data analysis, Paul Baines (2008) states that data analysis is a stage in which data obtained thru different methods are processed to data input, analysis and interpretation. To find the factors affecting the adoption of new products both qualitative data (thru focus group) and quantitative data (thru questionnaires) were used. For qualitative data transcript based analysis was used in which the recordings of focus group was transcribed and used with field noted to analysis the factors. For summarising and analysing quantitative data researcher use SPSS tool which is a statistical analysis package, SPSS facilitate the researcher to perform wide range of analysis, quickly and accurately carry out statical tests, and it convert the data into tables, charts and graphs to give clear view of findings. (Jill Hussey Roger Hussey 1997) 3.7 Summery This chapter act as the ground for conducting any research. It explains and justified the methodology used for the research. This research uses both the research approaches to collect data, in which secondary data was researched and analysed using desk research in which journals, articles and online data was studied, this information searched was on product adoption, new product and consumer buying behaviour, these information was critically analysed for finding factors affecting adoption of new products. Primary data was collected thru Focus Group which is a qualitative method, two focus groups were conducted for the research with seven and six members in it, these focus groups were transcribed and analysed for relevant information. Second method used for collecting primary data was online survey which is a quantitative method in which ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦. sample size was selected and analysed using SPSS software.

INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT - 2924 Words

INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT â€Å"Managers must recognize the values that they share with the people of other cultures in order to understand the values of those cultures different from their own.† Dr. Ian Lawrence. Leads Metropolitan University. Date: 15/06/2014 For Nakib Ahmed Business Management 104 By-Vishwas Kolla Prakash, Vivek Patel, Selina Szito and Shivudu Godda. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Intercultural management is also called as cross cultural management. It is very important to know about other cultures where diversity exists as it helps companies run rewarding efficient, effective and highly productive organizations. There are many aspects of intercultural management that have direct and significant impacts on both employees’†¦show more content†¦One critical objective is to get employees to mirror organizational culture so that there is no misalignment, gaps and disconnects. Everything must work in sync and in harmony for the organization stability and survivability demographics continually change, therefore organization must be flexible and ready to address that change. To not address the change would put the organization itself at risk of future failure. Today organization must understand that if there is anything that is stead-fast and unchanging, it is change itself. Change is inevitable and change always occurs. How organizations deal with t hat change can determine success or failure. Cultural management is key to success. Certainly, this is an excellent answer. Increasing an organizations cultural intelligence is not an easy task. In this paper we have used the historical background of Management cultures in India, China, U.K and U.S. It also highlights the various cross cultural problems and adjustments which the company has to make in order to succeed in. The Conclusion has been drawn after the extensive research in different cross cultural areas where making a small adjustment will make a big difference. To support our research we have used various models which have been discussed by the famous author’s like Rosenzweig and F. T. Anbari It also highlights the implications of these cultural differences on management and team member’s practices. 4. ASPECTS OF INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT ManagementShow MoreRelatedIntercultural Management2155 Words   |  9 PagesTopic Review: General Management Effective cross-cultural management has to be grounded in a detailed knowledge of individual cultures. Discuss using examples from two multinational companies. I/ Introduction: In times of rapid globalisation and economic development growth, the environment of business has become more and more complicated as a huge number of firms want to globally expand their businesses. 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Effectiveness of the University of the Philippines Baguio Library Marketing Strategies free essay sample

Yes Acknowledgement? Yes List of tables and figures? Yes 5. Is the title brief, accurate and comprehensive? Yes 6. Does the table of contents give an analytical view of the material covered by the study together with the order of the discussion? Yes 7. Abstract of the thesis/dissertation? Yes 8. Is the statement of the problem clear? Yes 9. Does the problem justify the importance of the study? Yes 10. Have the terms been defined? Yes 11. Does the study contains a brief critical view of the related literature of previous investigation? Yes 12. Is there a statement of the sources of data? Yes 13. What is the method of procedure used? Descriptive-survey 14. Is there a close relationship between the various parts of the thesis/dissertation? Yes 14. Does the final chapter include : Summary? Yes Important findings? Yes Conclusions and recommendations? Yes Problems beyond the investigation? Yes 15. Is the content new and fresh? Yes Does it duplicate any material? No Is it old material created in a new way? No 16. Does it contribute something to education or other fields? Yes 17. Comments on:Typographical error: None Footnotes: None Bibliography: None 18. Would you recommend the thesis for approval? Yes 19. Other comments: None Submitted by: WILFRED BAMBICO, Ph. D. Graduate Programs Coordinator School of Teacher Education Saint Louis University, Baguio City Date:_____________________ INDORSEMENT This thesis entitled EFFECTIVENESS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES BAGUIO LIBRARY MARKETING STRATEGIES prepared and submitted by AMELIA C. CENDANA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Library and Information Technology (MALIT) has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for Oral Examination. This is to certify further that AMELIA C. CENDANA is ready for Oral Examination. THELMA S. KIM, MSLS Adviser _____________________________________________________________ This is to certify that the thesis entitled EFFECTIVENESS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES BAGUIO LIBRARY MARKETING STRATEGIES prepared and submitted by AMELIA C. CENDANA is recommended for Oral Examination. GRACIA C. MACABIOG, Ph. D. Member MARIE CHRYZA A. PARAGAS, MALS CHERYL T. ROLDAN, MLIS Member Member WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Ph. D. Sci. Ed. MA. CORAZON O. BOMOGAO, Ed. D. Graduate Program Coordinator Dean College of Education College of Education Saint Louis University Saint Louis University ACCEPTANCE SHEET In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, this thesis entitled, EFFECTIVENESS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES BAGUIO LIBRARY MARKETING STRATEGIES has been prepared and submitted by AMELIA C. CENDANA and is hereby endorsed for approval. THELMA S. KIM, MSLS Adviser This is to certify that the thesis mentioned above submitted by AMELIA C. CENDANA has been approved and accepted on March 2011 by the Thesis Reading Committee. GRACIA C. MACABIOG, Ph. D. Member MARIE CHRYZA A. PARAGAS, MALS CHERYL T. ROLDAN, MLIS Member Member Noted: WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Ph. D. Sci. Ed. Graduate Program Coordinator College of Education Saint Louis University APPROVAL SHEET Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination as ___________on__________. GRACIA C. MACABIOG, Ph. D. Member MARIE CHRYZA A. PARAGAS, MALS CHERYL T. ROLDAN, MLIS Member Member Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Library and Information Technology (MALIT). WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Ph. D. Sci. Ed. Graduate Program Coordinator College of Education Saint Louis University ________________________________________________________________ This is to certify further that AMELIA C. CENDANA has completed all the academic requirements and PASSED the Public Lecture on May 14, 2009 for the degree Master of Arts in Library and Information Technology. WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Ph. D. Sci. Ed. MA. CORAZON O. BOMOGAO, Ed. D. Graduate Program Coordinator Dean College of Education College of Education Saint Louis University Saint Louis University ACKNOWLEDGMENT This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and help of several individuals: First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my adviser Prof. Thelma S. Kim for her support, patience, motivation, enthusiasm, immense knowledge, and detailed and constructive comments. I could not imagine having a better adviser and mentor for my master’s degree. A heartfelt appreciation goes also to the members of my defense committee: Dr. Gracia Macabiog, Dr. Mia dela Cruz, Ms. Marie Chryza Paragas, and Ms. Cheryl Roldan for their patience, steadfast encouragement, and insightful comments. I gratefully acknowledge former Graduate Program Coordinator, Dr. Felicidad F. Fortea, and the present Graduate Program Coordnator, Dr. Wilfred B. Bambico for their supervision, advice, and guidance. I am deeply indebted to the UPB Baguio administrators, headed by Chancellor Priscilla Supnet-Macansantos, for the Fellowship Grant for REPS provided me. I warmly thank Ms. Brenda Marie A. Dogup for endorsing me to the Fellowship or REPS; to my colleagues at UP Baguio Library, co-officers at UP Baguio Multipurpose Cooperative, UP Baguio friends for their encouragement, support and prodding for me to finish this study. I also want to thank my friends and colleagues in the other libraries; and my co-officers in the Baguio-Benguet Librarians Association, Inc. for their moral support and strong faith in me to finish this study. I sincerely a ppreciate and wish to thank my â€Å"kumare† Ms. Marilou L. Pasion, who willingly and wholeheartedly did some errands during my proposal, pre-oral, and oral defense. I want to thank also my special friend from Manila for her kindness in accompanying me to UST Central Library to do my research. My deepest and sincerest gratitude goes to my thoughtful husband who is always there to cheer me up, whose dedication, love and persistent confidence in me, has taken the load off my shoulder, and not to forget, his readiness to give a cup of coffee every time I sit down on my table and work on this paper. Special thanks to my children, Jully Amme, Julius Alvin, Julius Armel, and Juliana April, for inspiring me to pursue this endeavor. The omnipresent God, for answering my prayers, for giving me the strength to plod on despite my constitution wanting to give up and throw in the towel, THANK YOU SO MUCH DEAR LORD. And to all the faceless individuals whose names I can’t recall – Much Thanks!!! Amy Dedication To Julius Cesar, my husband, my daughters, Jully Amme and Juliana April, my sons, Julius Alvin and Julius Armel†¦ THESIS ABSTRACT 1. Title: EFFECTIVENESS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES BAGUIO LIBRARY MARKETING STRATEGIES Total no of pages:125 Text no. of pages: 84 2. Author: AMELIA C. CENDANA 3. Type of document: Thesis 4. Type of publication:Unpublished 5. Accrediting Institution: Saint Louis University (Private) Bonifacio Street, Baguio City CHED-CAR 6. Keywords:Academic libraries, Marketing strategies, Marketing plan, marketing mix, Marketing effectiveness 7. Abstract: 7. 1. Summary: The researcher assessed how aware are the respondents along the different services offered by the UP Baguio Library. Using the descriptive method with the questionnaire as the main instrument in gathering data she also evaluated the different marketing strategies used by the University of the Philippines Baguio Library. To give credence to the data gathered the frequency counts, weighted mean, and F-test were utilized. 7. 2. Findings: The study revealed that 1) the library services offered by the University of the Philippines Baguio Library are Circulation, Reader’s Assistance, Information Dissemination, and Automation; 2) faculty members are very much aware with the Circulation and Automation services, while students and administrative employees are very aware with the said services. The difference is caused by the treatment of library staff: (a) a friendlier approach when faculty borrow books or enter the library, (b) for employees, certain leeways are given to them, and (c) for students, minimal assistance is provided as compared to the faculty and the administrative employees; 3) of the ten marketing strategies, branding (logo), library publication, and through word-of-mouth from friends received the lowest ratings but which are still interpreted as effective; and 4) the extent of effectiveness of marketing strategies of the University of the Philippines Baguio Library is likewise effective. 7. 3. Conclusions: Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: a) the library services of the University of the Philippines Baguio Library are those typically offered in academic libraries; b) level of awareness of library services is influenced by how library users are treated; c) the most basic marketing strategies of branding (logo), library publication, and through word-of-mouth from friends are not fully maximized causing a minimal effect on the use of the University of the Philippines Baguio Library; and d) the UP Baguio Library marketing strategies though effective do not translate to more users of the library. . 4. Recommendations: Based on the results of the study, the subsequent recommendations are made. It is recommended that: 1. a library marketing plan should be in place to effectively entice users to utilize its services. This plan should have the following: a. re-orientation program of librarians on how to market the library. The librarians as t he focal persons in the library should be the first ones to make a move by changing their perspective about library work; that in this time and era libraries must be user and service oriented more than collection oriented. b. library website for users to easily and speedily be informed of the latest happenings in the library including its services and materials. This website must not only have the library logo to enhance its library centrality but also features that make it easy to navigate. c. a library publication containing the information and updates about the library. This publication must be issued regularly, and to be circulated amongst all the University of the Philippines Baguio students, faculty and administrative employees, and other library stakeholders. d. usage of the library logo to remind users of the existence of the library. This can be done by putting it in the library stationery, the library publication, and all other communications emanating from the library. e. utilization of standard bulletin boards for library announcements. As extension of the current awareness services of the library, it must be attractive and appealing enough to whoever would read it. f. library exhibits and displays to convince users especially students that these are being offered for them, Thus these exhibits and displays must include among others rarely used and seen resources, and extracts from resources that will be of help to the students’ research activities. . a feedback mechanism either online or print form to be institutionalized. This is to get the reactions, and viewpoints of library users about the library’s services. These feedbacks can then be used as gauge or evaluative measures for the library to improve. 3. library personnel to regularly attend seminars, conferences, and other gatherings to enhan ce their knowledge on customer service, and to rekindle their commitment to work even better and harder for their library users. 4. stronger collaboration between and among the library staff